Wireless telegraphy.



R. A.`FESSENDEN.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. APPLICATION FILED IuLYIe, Iso?.

1514273010. PawnIeIIJI-IIY 2o, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

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'8. A. FESSENDEN. wmELEsfs TELEGMF'HY. l Armcmqu mio uur 15.19411.

1,147,010. n Patented July 20,1915.

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` UNITED STATES ATENT nEeINALn A. EESSENDEN, or BRANT noon, MASSACHUSETTS, AssIGNon, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TosAMUEI. M. KINTNER, or PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, AND IIALSEY M. BARRETT, or BLooMFIELD, NEW JERSEY, nEcEIvERS.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

i Patented July 20,1915

To aZZ whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, REGINALD A. FEssEN- DEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brant Rock, in the State of Massachusetts, -have invented or discovered certain new and' useful Improvements in Wireless 'lelegraphy, of which the following is a specification. I v

My invention relates to means for transmitting and receiving signals, and more particularly to sending and receiving cony ductors.

" part of this specification Figure 1 shows a side view of elevated conductors suitable for carrying out my invention and also diagrammatic illustrations of suitable circuits. Figs. 2 and 3 show details of construction. Fig. 4 shows in elevation a modification and Fig. 5 shows a plan View of the elevated conductor shown in elevation in Fig. 4.

Heretofore the construction of sending and vreceiving conductors for wireless telegraphy has been of a very expensive type and it has been very diiiicult to get the desired capacity and height and to get a type of construction suitable for various classes of work.

The 'object of the invention herein disclosed is to overcome the above-mentioned diiiiculties and to afforda means whereby antennae of great height and large capacity, and adapted for use in various ways, may be cheaply constructed, while at the same time being safe mechanically and costing little to keep in repair.

In Figs. 1 and 4, 11 is a vertical mast, preferably of metal. In a mast 400 feet high this may consist of sections of 2% inch iron pipe screwed or bolted together. each section'being 8 feet long.

ThelQWer portion 12 of the mast may be construct-ed of thicker pipe and in a 400-foot mast may consist of 3 sections of 8-inch pipe, each section 16 feet long.

13 is a rocking joint, 14 is an insulating base andl a foundation.

16 16 are Wires of phosphor bronze or galvanized steel, about No.' 12 B. & S. gage. These are attached to insulators 19 placed Vat the top of poles 17. The poles 17 are supported by guys 18 which are preferably ,metallic and may be split into insulated sections as by insulators 77 78 in Fig. 4.

The' .poles 17 may be made of wood orsof metal, and if made of metal may be insulated by the insulating base 87 (at the left of Fig.

The whole construction may be made more flexible so as to be less strained by the wind 'by the insertion of springs inthe guys for the posts as shown at 75, Fig. 1, or by the insertion of individual springs'76 in the individual wires 16 as shown in Fig. 5. For a, 400-foot mast these springs are about 3 inches in diameter and about 2 feet long and made of galvanized steelabout 3/8 inch thick.

The height of the pole 17 may be either approximately that 'of the section 12 as shown in Fig. 1, or higher, as shown in Fig. '4.

Fig. 5 shows a pian view of the construction shown in both Figs. 1 and 4, the same numerals being used for corresponding parts.

In Fig. Q is shown a method of attaching the wires 16 to the mast 11. Here the wire 16 is attached to a ring at the point 38, which ring may be insulated as shown at 37 or conducting as shown at 36. 33 and 34 are two sections of the pipe which form the mast 11, and is a metal collar or union. The wire 16 is connected to themast 11, either directly or through an inductance 39 as shown at the left by 39 and a switch 90 is used to-connect it. In this type of anA tennac the guys themselves act as the crown wire to give a large capacity, and at the same time these can be made of vvery fine wire. This form of construction permits the use of very short sections to the mast, z'. e., only 8 feet instead of 100 feet as in the usual type, and the use of very small wires anda very small section of the mast.

As an illustration of the advantages to be gained by this type of construction a 400- foot antenna of this type consists of iron pipes only 2'-1/2 inches diameter and the guys of wires No. 12 B. & S. gage and the cost of the Whole mast is less than $2500., whereas, with the previously used type of construction steel tubes must be used 3 feet in diameter and steel guys 1 inch towers may besused for operating by thel in diameter, and the cost of this type of construction is more-than $30,000. In addition to this' the capacity of this new type of construction is four or'five times as great as that of the previously used type.

In addition the breakage of a singleh in the previously used typ'es is sufficient to entail the destruction of the tower While in the new type containing 300 or 400 guys a considerable number of wires might break without passing the safety limit. These electrical component of the electrical waves, for example, as shown in U. S. V'Patent 793,652, or by the applicants method of utilizing the electromagnetic component of the electromagnetic waves, referred to in U. S. Patent 754,058 and in a number of petiding applications.

In Fig. 1 is shown one arrangement for operation in practice. In this-20 is .a conductor attached to one or more of the wires 16, 24 is al variable inductance, 25 a variable capacity, 26 a liquid barretter, 31 the telephone receiver, 32 a potentiometer, 22 and 29 inductances, 23 and 30 variable capacities and 21, 27 and 28 switches forconnecting the circuits to the mast ll, or to ground.

AIn Fig. 4 the supporting post 17 at ther left forms a part of the receiving circuit and one or more of the wires 16 is connected to the post'by the connection 79. 8O is a variable inductance, 81 a variable' transformer, 82 and 88 are variable condenser's, 86 a receiver, 85 a telephone and 84 a p0: tentioineter.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I claim as new and ed by conducting guys, and said guys adapt- 'desire to secure by Letters Patent, is the following: l

1. An antenna for wireless telegraphy comprising a conducting structure supported to act as part of the antenna and effect a receiver in circuit. I

2. An antenna for' sending and receiving electro-magnetic waves, consisting of a mast and a series of conducting guys, forming part of the antenna and attached at varying vertical positions to the mast and insulated from the ground, each guy having al resilient element therein.

An antenna for wireless signaling comprising a mast and a series of conducting guys therefor, attached at varying elevations and their outer ends insulated from the ground and forming part of the antenna.

4. An antenna comprising a conducting mast and a series of conducting guysthere-` for with means for connecting some of'them to the mast and for insulating their.y outer ends from the ground, whereby the' guys form part of the antenna.

5. An antenna consisting of an insulated mast with conducting'guys attached at varyingA Vertical rpositions thereto and insulated from the ground, so as to add to the rcapacity of the mast.

6. An antenna for wireless telegraphy comprising an upright mast, and a series of resilient guys forming part of the antenna and attached at short distances apart along the length of the mast, so as to hold it in alinement, substantially as described.

7. A guy-supported vantenna for wireless signaling having a capacity element as part of the antenna in the form of a series of' conducting guys attached thereto.

8. Apparatus for wireless telegraphycomprising a conducting mast, a conducting guy attached to the mast andanchored at a disl,

tance therefrom, and a return circuit from the anchorage to the mast including a re- .and insulated from the ground, said guys forming part of the antenna, and some -of them at least being' connected to the mast through1 separate inductances.

11. An antenna for wireless signaling comprising a conducting mast, having a rocking support on its base, and a plurality of radiating resilient conducting' guys form'- ing a part of the antenna, and insulated from the ground at their points of anchorage.

'112. An antenna vfor wireless signaling, comprising a conductingV mast having a rocking support ,at its base, and a plurality l of radiating conducting guys forming a part of the 'antenna1 each of said resilient element therein. l

13. An aerial conductor system for wireless telegraphy, consisting of a central electrically conducting support insulated -from the ground and atent shaped group of wires running cbliquely toward the ground, said Wires being at one lend electrically connectguys having aA ed with said support and at the other endv fixed to several distant points on the ground' and insulated therefrom,'substantially as des" scribed. y

14. An aerial conductor system .of wireless telegraphy, lcn'isisting ot' a central electrically' conducting support insulated from the ground and a cone-shaped group of Wires running obliquely toward the ground, said Wires being at one end electrically connected to said support and at the other end fixed to several distant points on'the ground and insulated therefrom, substantially as described.

prising a central electrically conducting support insulated from the ground and a radially arranged group of wires electrically connected to said supportv near the top and at lthe outer ends fixed to several` distant points on the4 ground and insulated therefrom.

16. An aerial conductor system for Wire- 'less telegraphy, consisting of a central electricalllyA conducting support insulated f' om the ground and a group of wires running obliquely toward the ground, said wires being at one end electrically connected With said support and at the other end fixed to v l several distant points on the ground andin- 15. An aerial for wireless telegraphy cmf sulated therefrom', substantially as de scribed. y

In testimony whereof I have hereunder signed my name in the presence of the subscribed Witnesses.

REGINALD A. FEssENDEN.

Witnesses:

ADELINE WOLEVER, KATHARINE J GILLIS. 

